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The Essex Decision
The Essex Decision was a ruling made by the British High Court of Admiralty on 22 May 1805 regarding the capture of the American merchant vessel, Essex.〔Walton, Gary and Hugh Rockoff. History of the American Economy. Mason: South-Western, Cengage Learning, 2005. Print.〕 The decision called upon the antiquated Rule of 1756, which stated that neutral nations in wartime were only permitted to carry goods that they were permitted to carry in peacetime.〔 Essex was ruled to have violated the Rule of 1756. This led to a sharp increase in British seizure of American ships by the same reasoning and was one of the leading causes of the War of 1812.〔Davis, Lance and Stanley Engerman. Naval Blockades in Peace and War- An Economic History Since 1750. Cambridge University Press, 2006. Print.〕
==Background==
The Napoleonic Wars from 1793-1815 created a shipping void in both Britain and France due to cargo vessels being drafted into military service and relaxed mercantilist policies.〔Walton, Gary, and Hugh Rockoff. History of the American Economy. N.p.: South-Western, 2012. Print.〕 With Britain and France blockading each other, Americans helped fill the shipping void and per capita credits in the balance of payments more than tripled due to stimulated overseas commerce.〔
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